Macroeconomics in Modules

Headshot of Paul Krugman

Paul Krugman , recipient of the 2008 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, is a faculty member of the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, associated with the Luxembourg Income Study, which tracks and analyzes income inequality around the world. Prior to that, he taught at Princeton University for 14 years. He received his Barroom Yale and his PhD from MIT. Before Princeton, he taught at Yale, Stanford, and MIT. He also spent a year on the staff of the Council of Economic Advisers in 1982–1983. His research has included pathbreaking work on international trade, economic geography, and currency crises. In 1991, Krugman received the American Economic Association’s John Bates Clark medal. In addition to his teaching and academic research, Krugman writes extensively for nontechnical audiences. He is a regular-ed columnist for the New York Times. His best-selling trade books include End This Depression Now! , The Return of Depression Economics and the Crisis of 2008 , a history of recent economic troubles and their implications for economic policy, and The Conscience of a Liberal , a study of the political economy of economic inequality and its relationship with political polarization from the Gilded Age to the present. His earlier books, Peddling Prosperity and The Age of Diminished Expectations , have become modern classics.

Headshot of Robin Wells

Robin Wells

Robin Wells was a Lecturer and Researcher in Economics at Princeton University. She received her BA from the University of Chicago and her PhD from the University of California at Berkeley; she then did postdoctoral work at MIT. She has taught at the University of Michigan, the University of Southampton (United Kingdom), Stanford, and MIT.

Table of Contents

Section 1 Basic Economic Concepts
Module 1 First Principles
Module 2 Models and the Production Possibility Frontier
Module 3 Comparative Advantage and Trade
Module 4 The Circular Flow Diagram
Appendix: Graphs in Economics

Section 2 Demand, Supply, and Equilibrium
Module 5 Demand
Module 6 Supply and Equilibrium
Module 7 Changes in Equilibrium


Section 3 Market Efficiency and Price Controls
Module 8 Consumer and Producer Surplus
Module 9 Efficiency and Markets
Module 10 Price Controls (Ceilings and Floors)


Section 4 International Trade
Module 11 Gains from Trade
Module 12 Supply, Demand, and International Trade


Section 5 Macroeconomic Measurement
Module 13 Introduction to Macroeconomics
Module 14 National Accounts and the Gross Domestic Product
Module 15 Interpreting Real Gross Domestic Product


Section 6 Unemployment and Inflation
Module 16 Defining Unemployment
Module 17 Categories of Unemployment
Module 18 The Costs of Inflation
Module 19 Measuring Inflation


Section 7 Long-Run Economic Growth
Module 20 Sources of Long-Run Economic Growth
Module 21 Productivity and Growth
Module 22 Long-Run Growth Policy


Section 8 Savings, Investment Spending, and the Financial System
Module 23 Savings and Investment Spending
Module 24 The Market for Loanable Funds
Module 25 The Financial System
Module 26 Present Value and Time Value of Money


Section 9 Income and Expenditure
Module 27 The Multiplier
Module 28 Consumer Spending and Investment Spending
Module 29 The Income-Expenditure Model


Section 10 Aggregate Demand Aggregate Supply
Module 30 Aggregate Demand
Module 31 Aggregate Supply
Module 32 The AD-AS Model


Section 11 Fiscal Policy
Module 33 Fiscal Policy Basics
Module 34 Fiscal Policy and the Multiplier
Module 35 Budget Deficits and the Public Debt


Section 12 Money, Banking, and the Federal Reserve System
Module 36 Defining the Measuring Money
Module 37 Banking and Money Creation
Module 38 The Federal Reserve System


Section 13 Monetary Policy
Module 39 The Federal Reserve and Monetary Policy
Module 40 The Money Market
Module 41 Monetary Policy and the Interest Rate
Module 42 Money, Output, and Prices in the Long Run


Section 14 Inflation, Disinflation, and Deflation
Module 43 Causes of High Inflation
Module 44 Output Gaps, Inflation, and the Phillips Curve
Module 46 Deflation


Section 15 International Macroeconomics
Module 46 Capital Flows and the Balance of Payments
Module 47 The Foreign Exchange Market
Module 48 Exchange Rate Policy
Module 49 Exchange Rates and Macroeconomic Policy

Product Updates

Summer 2024 Updates:

The Summer 2024 digital update for Krugman, Macroeconomics in Modules 5e includes:

Fifth Edition Updates (2022):

Krugman/Wells Macroeconomics in Modules, now in Achieve online courseware that offers the best value and price. Built on best practices in learning science, Achieve for Mods features a wide range of resources to support students at every stage of the learning process: pre-class, in-class, and post-class. This new system offers significant improvements including 40% more assessment questions with rich feedback and intuitive feedback, the iClicker personal response system fully integrated, new Instructor Activity Guides, and enhanced data and analytics on student performance.

No other text stays as fresh as Krugman and Wells, from powerful technology firms such as Amazon and Google to the global economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. For this edition, weve added cutting edge New Analysis features online in Achieve including Bloomberg videos and Econofact memos. These activities pair journalistic takes on pressing issues with questions based on Blooms taxonomy.

More realistic, global economics. Starting in Section 1, there is a new principle on how increases in the economys potential lead to economic growth over time. To reflect our rapidly changing world, there is an expanded section on market power and the digital economy, an incisive new look at externalities, updated analysis on long-run growth, and thorough coverage of the economic impacts and policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic.